Did you know that headaches are one of the most common types of pain people experience?
With the stresses of modern life and technology straining our eyes and posture 24/7, it’s no wonder that 1 in every 6 people suffer from a throbbing, pulsating or aching feeling in their head that can make it difficult to concentrate and go about their daily activities.
Luckily, many headaches can be managed with over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen. But if you're tired of dealing with headaches that won’t go away or limit your ability to function, your primary care provider (PCP) can help.
Matthew McCarthy, MD, a neurologist at Summit Health tells us what we need to know about headaches and when they warrant a visit to your doctor.
Primary vs. Secondary Headaches
Headaches can be classified into two main categories: primary headaches and secondary headaches. Primary headaches are not caused by any underlying health conditions and include tension headaches, migraines and cluster headaches.
On the other hand, secondary headaches are caused by another health issue, such as an infection, head injury, or a more serious condition like a brain tumor or stroke. Your doctor can help determine whether your headaches are primary or secondary and guide you to the right treatment.
What is a migraine?
Migraines are a severe type of headache, which can last anywhere from a few hours to several days. People who suffer from migraines often describe the pain as pulsating. The pain can be so debilitating that they are unable to continue normal activities.
Individuals who have migraines usually prefer to rest in a dark or quiet room due to light and sound sensitivity. Migraines are often accompanied by nausea, vomiting and visual changes such as seeing spots and flashing lights.
What triggers a headache?
The first step in treating headaches is trying to identify and avoid triggers. Some triggers are avoidable, while others are not. Triggers may include:
- Skipping meals
- Having certain foods or beverages such as alcohol, chocolate, caffeine, aged cheeses, MSG, nuts, nitrites and red wine
- Certain stimuli including bright lights, strong smells and loud noises
- Stress
- Sleep deprivation
- Postural or eye strain
- Inactivity
- Dehydration
- Hormonal changes
- Changes in weather
Are there treatments that you should try at home first?
There are many things that can be done to help manage the symptoms of a headache. Dr. McCarthy tells his patients to treat their symptoms right away before the pain builds for too long and it becomes more difficult to find relief.
Some of the most common treatments include:
- Reducing triggering stimuli like lights and sounds
- Lifestyle modifications include staying hydrated, drinking caffeine and eating a snack
- Over-the-counter medications like such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or naproxen
- Resting or taking a nap
- Applying a cold or warm compression to the head or neck
- Engaging in relaxation techniques like deep breathing or meditation
When should you worry about your headache?
Most headaches are not dangerous. But there are some warning signs that your pain may be caused by an underlying condition. Be on the lookout for headaches that:
- Are accompanied by symptoms like fever, other signs or symptoms of an infection, or signs of stroke
- Decreased responsiveness or level of consciousness
- Come on suddenly in a person without any prior history of headaches
- Start during pregnancy
- Begin after age 50
- Worsen or start when lying flat, also known as positional headaches
- Are brought on by coughing or straining
Should you go to the ER?
While most headaches are not an emergency, there are times when you should seek immediate care. If your headache comes on suddenly, is very severe, or you experience symptoms like a stiff neck, confusion, focal neurological deficits, or vomiting, it’s important to go to the emergency room right away. These could be signs of a more serious condition that needs prompt attention.
How your PCP can help
Your primary care provider can be a valuable resource when dealing with headaches. They can help identify potential triggers, recommend lifestyle changes and prescribe medications to manage pain. If necessary, your primary care provider can refer you to a specialist, such as a neurologist, for further evaluation and treatment. By working with your PCP, you can develop a personalized plan to better manage your headaches and improve your quality of life.
If you experience signs or symptoms of a headache or migraine, visit your nearest CityMD for immediate evaluation and treatment. Your provider will want to rule out any more serious secondary causes of your headache and if needed, refer you to a neurologist at Summit Health.