Weight loss is more complex than simply eating less and exercising more. Healthy habits can make a big difference, but the body’s metabolism is also controlled by a network of hormones, brain signals, genetics and environmental factors that play an important role. 

New medications called GLP-1 receptor agonists are changing how doctors treat obesity. These medicines work with the body’s natural systems that control hunger and blood sugar.

Endocrinologists like Deeksha Mehta, MD, at Summit Health help patients understand how hormones affect appetite, metabolism and how the body stores fat. They can check for health conditions that may make weight loss harder and help patients decide if treatments, such as a GLP-1, may support their weight management goals and benefit their overall health. 

“GLP-1 agonists have been revolutionary in how we treat obesity,” Dr. Mehta says. “When combined with lifestyle changes such as nutrition counseling and physical activity, GLP-1–based therapies can help many patients lose 10–20% of their body weight on average in clinical studies.”

How do GLP-1 medications work? 

“These medicines act like a natural hormone in the body that helps control hunger and blood sugar,” Dr. Mehta explains. “They help you feel full sooner, stay full longer and support healthy blood sugar levels.”

These medicines may help people who have obesity, or those who are overweight and also have health conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, fatty liver disease or obstructive sleep apnea.

“These medicines are tools, not quick fixes,” she says. “Healthy eating, physical activity, good sleep and stress management are still important.”

Why do hormones impact weight loss?

“Weight is not just about willpower,” Dr. Mehta says. “Hormones control hunger, metabolism and how the body stores energy. When those systems are out of balance, losing weight can be much harder.”

The endocrine system is made up of glands that release hormones into the body. According to Dr. Mehta, “hormones act like messengers in the body” and help control factors like how hungry you feel and how fast your body uses energy.

Additionally, some health conditions can change how hormones work. These include thyroid disease, insulin resistance, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hormone changes during menopause. When doctors find and treat these problems, it may become easier for patients to manage their weight.

When should someone see an Endocrinologist for weight concerns?

Many people first talk with their primary care doctor about weight concerns. But sometimes hormones or metabolism may be part of the problem. In these cases, an endocrinologist may help.

“If someone has been trying to lose weight without success, it may help to check if hormones are playing a role,” Dr. Mehta says.

Patients may want to see an endocrinologist if they:

• Struggle to lose weight even with healthy habits
• Gain weight without a clear reason
• Have thyroid disease, diabetes or PCOS
• Notice weight changes during perimenopause or menopause
• Want to learn about medical treatments for weight loss 

“We look at the person as a whole,” Dr. Mehta says. “Understanding what is happening in the body helps us create the right plan with the patient rather than for the patient.”

What tests might an Endocrinologist use to evaluate weight?

During a visit, an endocrinologist reviews the full picture of a patient’s health. This may include:

• Medical history and medicines
• Eating habits, sleep and lifestyle
• Thyroid function tests
• Blood sugar and insulin tests
• Cortisol tests
• Reproductive hormone tests

These tests can help doctors see if hormones or other health problems are affecting weight.

How can Summit Health help with weight management?

Weight management is different for every person. Hormones, metabolism, medical conditions and lifestyle habits like sleep and stress all play a role.

If you are struggling with weight concerns, experiencing unexplained weight gain or want to learn more about treatments such as GLP-1 medicines, consider making an appointment with an endocrinologist. Our team can help you understand what may be affecting your weight and what treatments may help.